[Influence of screen time on the sleep quality of students]. / Einfluss der Bildschirmzeit auf die Schlafqualität Studierender.

Introduction: The restorative effects of sleep are essential for physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral daily performance in college. In addition to the stress of everyday student life, the use of screen devices at the forefront of pandemic-related online teaching is also increasing dramatically. Particularly during evening and nighttime hours, increased screen use may contribute to physical, psychological, and cognitive activation, which in turn may negatively affect students' sleep quality. Methods: To determine possible associations between screen use in online teaching and its effects on sleep hygiene and quality, 216 students at Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences anonymously and voluntarily participated in the online survey in May 2021. The positive ethics vote is available. Results: The general sleep quality of the student body can be rated as poor in 68.9% (n = 149) of the surveyed students. In particular, students who worked predominantly on screen devices in the evening or at nighttime for their studies, and thus had a chronobiological tendency to be a night person, tended to have poorer sleep. Discussion: The effects of long screen time in the evening and nighttime hours can have far-reaching consequences on sleep patterns and awareness of physical needs for breaks and sleep. Online teaching in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular led to an increase in screen time alongside equally high levels of personal use. This could result in a continued negative impact on sleep hygiene and quality, not only at the expense of daytime concentration and performance but rather of physical and mental health.

[COVID-19 as an insurance case of the statutory accident insurance: occupational disease or occupational accident : Relevant knowledge for the (general and abdominal) surgeon]. / COVID-19 als Versicherungsfall der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung: Berufskrankheit oder Arbeitsunfall : Relevantes Wissen für den (Allgemein­/Viszeral­)Chirurgen.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in many infections with the virus and sickness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, there was a dramatic increase in the number of reported and recognized occupational diseases (Berufskrankheit, BK) and occupational accidents (Arbeitsunfall, AU) at the German Social Accident Insurance Institutions (BG) and accident insurance funds (Unfallkassen).The publication aims to show the differences between BK and AU and to review the current data on occupational diseases. It deals with the definitions of BK and AU, the differences in the conditions for recognition as BK or AU. Furthermore, the claims for benefits are presented. Finally, statistical key figures of the BK according to No. 3101 and the AU are presented.Results (key points)- According to § 7 SGB VII, AU and BK are insured events of the statutory accident insurance.- In surgery, like specifically in the rest of the healthcare system, the relevance of the SARS-CoV­2 infection with post-COVID in personnel for occupational medical prevention and as a case to be recognized by the statutory accident insurance (BK or AU) becomes clear.- Relevant for the recognition are the duration and the intensity of the contact (local proximity) and the SARS-CoV­2 occupational health and safety rule of 20 August 2020 essentially recognizes a contact duration of at least 15 min at a spatial distance of less than 1.5-2 m (further aspects: more intensive shorter contacts, number of verifiably infected persons in the closer activity environment or the usual personal contacts, spatial situation, work route, special constellations).- No case numbers can be elicited for the detailed presentation of the surgery setting.- There are still immense problems and challenges in the assessment of COVID-19 consequences or post-COVID as occupational disease, as numerous uncertainty factors, such as insufficiently secured knowledge about the further long-term course over the years or the widely varied symptom spectrum complicates the medical assessment of the consequences of this disease.Conclusion: the SARS-CoV­2 pandemic is a special challenge for surgery with intensive patient contact and for the entire healthcare system. This caused long-lasting changes and the adequate health care as well as insurance law processing of the (case-specific) consequences might still require considerable efforts and resources.

A Systematic Review of Associations and Predictors for Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement in Prehospital Emergency Medical Services-Challenges for the Future.

Ambulance services are changing, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a major challenge in the past three years. Job satisfaction and work engagement are important characteristics for a healthy organization and success in one's profession. The purpose of the current systematic review was to evaluate the predictors of job satisfaction and work engagement in prehospital emergency medical service personnel. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and Embase, were utilized in this review. Predictors (ß coefficient, odds ratio, rho) of higher job satisfaction and work engagement were examined. Only prehospital emergency medical service personnel were considered. The review included 10 studies worldwide with 8358 prehospital emergency medical service personnel (24.9% female). The main predictor for job satisfaction was supervisors' support. Other predictors were younger or middle age and work experience. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, as burnout dimensions, were negative predictors for higher job satisfaction or work engagement. Quality demands for health care systems are a significant challenge for future emergency medical services. The psychological and physical strengthening of employees is necessary and includes constant supervision of managers or facilitators.

Berufliche Gratifikationskrisen, Verausgabungsneigung und Burnout bei ukrainischen Anästhesisten und Intensivmedizinern während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie Professional gratification crisis, overcommitment, and burnout among Ukrainian anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Hintergrund Psychische Belastungen von Anästhesisten und Intensivmedizinern sind vielfältig und komplex. Overcommitment (OC) ist durch eine übersteigerte berufliche Verausgabungsneigung gekennzeichnet, die zu psychischen Beanspruchungsfolgen wie z. B. Burnout führen kann. Die Prävalenz von Burnout bei Intensivmedizinern ist international weit gestreut. Ziel der Studie war es, Verausgabungen und Gratifikationen bei ukrainischen Ärzten der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie zu ermitteln und zu analysieren, wie hoch das Burnout-Risiko in dieser Berufsgruppe ist und welche Assoziationen zwischen der intrinsischen Komponente und der extrinsischen Komponente des Modells der beruflichen Gratifikationskrise und dem Burnout bestehen. Methodik An der Querschnittsstudie mit der konfirmatorischen Fragestellung im März 2021 nahmen 73 ukrainische intensivmedizinisch tätige Ärzte (47,9 %) und Ärztinnen (52,1 %) teil. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 39,8 ± 10,94 Jahren (Range: 23–78 Jahre). Neben soziodemografischen und berufsbezogenen Daten wurden die berufliche Gratifikation mittels Effort-reward-Imbalance-Fragebogen (ERI) einschließlich der OC-Fragen und das Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) erhoben. Die Teilnehmenden der Befragung wurden in Gruppen mit unterschiedlichem OC (< 16 Punkte) und (≥ 16 Punkte) eingestuft und verglichen. Ergebnisse In die Gruppe mit OC < 16 Punkte konnten 75 % (55) Teilnehmende eingestuft werden, 18 boten ein erhöhtes OC. Zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen fand sich eine signifikante Differenz im Effort (13,9 ± 4,1 vs. 17,2 ± 3,6 Punkte;p = 0,003) und in der ERI-Ratio (0,58 ± 0,2 vs. 0,77 ± 0,2;p = 0,006). In der Gruppe mit OC ≥ 16 waren 50 % der Teilnehmenden mit einer hohen emotionalen Erschöpfung (vs. 12,7 % bei OC < 16;p = 0,002), aber auch 61,1 % mit einer hohen Leistungsfähigkeit (61,1 % vs. 32,7 %;p = 0,005). Insgesamt konnte eine Burnout-Prävalenz von 2,7 % in der Gesamtstichprobe festgestellt werden, wobei die beiden Probanden bei der Gruppe mit OC < 16 vertreten waren. Die höhere emotionale Erschöpfung war mit einer höheren Verausgabungsneigung und Verausgabung (Effort) sowie einer geringeren Belohnung (Reward) assoziiert. Diskussion Die Studienergebnisse zeigten hohe emotionale Erschöpfung bei Personen mit hohem Overcommitment. Drei Viertel der Befragten zeigten Burnout-Symptome. Aus diesem Grund sollten Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen und Prävention angeboten werden, um den hohen Belastungen während der Pandemie entgegenzuwirken. Diese sollten Verhältnis- und Verhaltensprävention einschließen.

[Professional gratification crisis, overcommitment, and burnout among Ukrainian anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic]. / Berufliche Gratifikationskrisen, Verausgabungsneigung und Burnout bei ukrainischen Anästhesisten und Intensivmedizinern während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.

Background: Mental stress of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians is varied and complex. Overcommitment (OC) is characterized by an excessive tendency to professional commitment, which can lead to psychological stress and consequently to psychological disorders, such as burnout. The prevalence of burnout among intensive care physicians is internationally widespread. The aim of this study was to determine OC and gratification among Ukrainian anesthesia and intensive care physicians during the SARS-CoV­2 pandemic and to analyze the risk of burnout in this professional group, and the associations between OC and burnout. Methods: A total of 73 Ukrainian male (47.9%) and female (52.1%) intensive care physicians participated in the survey. The mean age was 39.8 ± 10.94 years (range 23-78 years). In addition to sociodemographic and occupational data, occupational gratification was collected using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire with additional questions on OC, and the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). Participants were classified and compared into groups with different OC (< 16 points and ≥ 16 points). Results: Of the participants 75% (55) could be classified into a group with OC < 16 points, and 18 presented an elevated OC. A significant difference in effort (13.9 ± 4.1 vs. 17.2 ± 3.6 points; p = 0.003) and ERI ratio (0.58 ± 0.2 vs. 0.77 ± 0.2; p = 0.006) was found between these two groups. In the group with OC ≥ 16 points, 50% of participants reported high emotional exhaustion (vs. 12.7% with OC < 16 points; p = 0.002), but also high performance (61.1% vs. 32.7%; p = 0.005). Overall, a burnout prevalence of 2.7% was found in the total sample, with both subjects represented in the OC < 16 points group. Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher OC, higher effort, and lower reward. Discussion: The study results showed high emotional exhaustion among subjects with high overcommitment and three quarters of the respondents showed symptoms of burnout. For this reason, health promotion measures and prevention should be offered to counteract the high stresses during the pandemic. These should include relationship and behavioral prevention.

Recovery and stress of control center dispatchers in the first waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Control center dispatchers (CCDs) are exposed to high levels of work-related mental stress, which are exacerbated by the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the recovery and stress state of CCDs during the first and second waves of the SARS-CoV­2 pandemic. A total of 490 CCDs (n = 440, t1 and n = 50, t2) with a mean age of 42.26 ± 8.79 years participated directly at the end of the first wave from June to August 2020 (t1) and during the second wave between January and February 2021 (t2) of the SARS-CoV­2 pandemic. The short form (EBF-24/A; test form S2) of the Kallus recovery-stress questionnaire (EBF) was applied. Over the course of the two survey phases, the dimensions strain significantly increased (t1: 2.47 ± 1.08 vs. t2: 3.12 ± 0.93 points, p < 0.001) and recovery significantly decreased (t1: 3.03 ± 0.94 vs. t2: 2.50 ± 0.81 points, p < 0.001). Significant to highly significant differences were present in the EBF dimensions of the two waves in the majority of cases, even when taking the waves into account. For the variable "recovery in the social field", a medium effect was noticeable in the corrected model (η2 = 0.064). The SARS-CoV­2 pandemic illustrates that the stress experience increased from the first to the second waves, and the recovery of CCDs decreased. These data provide a directional trend as the pandemic is ongoing, and stress and strain situations in control centers may continue to worsen. Immediate health promotion and prevention measures are essential.

Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustand im Rettungsdienst während der ersten beiden Wellen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie Recovery-stress levels in paramedics during the first two waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Hintergrund Die Balance zwischen Belastungsempfinden und Erholung der Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst während des Diensts und in der Freizeit ist ein wesentlicher Indikator für die psychische und physische Gesundheit. Sie gewährleistet Erfolg in der notfallmedizinischen Versorgung und ist gleichzeitig auch ein gesundheitspolitischer, ökonomischer Faktor für jede Organisation. Das Ziel der Studie war es, den Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustand des Rettungsdienstpersonals während der ersten und zweiten Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie zu analysieren. Material und Methoden Die quantitative Querschnittstudie umfasst 1936 Datensätze von Einsatzkräften (334 Frauen und 1602 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 34,9 ± 10,5 Jahre). Die Onlinebefragung während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie erfolgte während der ersten Welle 2020 (t1) und der zweiten Welle 2021 (t2). Es wurde die Kurzform EBF-24/A (Testform S2) des Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogens (EBF) nach Kallus angewendet. Ergebnisse Im Verlauf der beiden Erhebungsphasen nahm die Dimension Beanspruchung signifikant zu (t1: 2,52 ± 0,98 und t2: 2,88 ± 1,04 Punkte, p < 0,001) und die Erholung signifikant ab (t1: 2,98 ± 0,90 und t2: 2,64 ± 0,89 Punkte, p < 0,001). Ähnliches bot sich auch für die dazugehörigen Subskalen mit Ausnahme der Subskala „erholsamer Schlaf“ der Dimension Erholung (t1: 2,81 ± 1,36 und t2: 2,72 ± 1,36 Punkte). Schlussfolgerung Die seit Anfang 2020 bestehende SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie verdeutlicht, dass das Belastungserleben von der ersten zur zweiten Welle zugenommen und das Empfinden der Erholung für Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst abgenommen hat. Die Studie bietet eine Einordnung zur gegenwärtigen Situation des Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustands im deutschen Rettungsdienst und erlaubt Prognosen über Leistung und Gesundheit in Pandemiesituationen. Dabei ist davon auszugehen, dass die Verschlechterung des Ist-Zustands nicht einzig nur aus dem Arbeitskontext resultiert, sondern gleichzeitig ein Spiegelbild der Ressourcenausstattung darstellt, die sich aus der Gesamtheit der Einflüsse des Individuums ableitet.

[Carrying out digital work situation analyses for mobile flexible work to ascertain the consequences of mental stress]. / Durchführung von digitalen Arbeitssituationsanalysen für die mobil-flexible Arbeit zur Erhebung von psychischen Belastungsfolgen: Befragung von Mitarbeiter*innen einer öffentlichen Verwaltung zu Homeoffice ­ Erfahrungen während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.

Background: In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, work in many companies was relocated to the home and the work situation of the employees changed suddenly and within a short period of time. In order to identify possible stressors and to expand health resources, a multifactorial analysis of the work situation is necessary. Objective: The goal of this work was to provide an in-depth analysis in the area of occupational health management even in times of contact restrictions. With the help of digital work situation analysis (ASITA) both stressors and strengths of the home office activity in a public administration were identified and recommendations for appropriate action were derived. Material and methods: Using digital ASITAs, 3 groups (in total 16 employees) were asked about their work situation and conditions at home. Employees who worked at least 2 days per week from home during the last 12 weeks before the survey were included in the studies. Results: Working from home places new demands on employees, which in turn lead to both positive and negative consequences. An example of a positive change can be seen with respect to the work organization. Employees reported many advantages, such as the reduction of time commuting to work, and better time management. An example of a negative outcome can be seen in terms of communication in the company, where clear structures are lacking for working in the home office. Discussion: Digital work situation analysis can be an instrumental tool to examine health burdens and benefits, even in companies with mobile flexible work models. As shown by the pandemic, a change in the work situation within companies requires a continuous process of reflection, a process in which the health of the employees must be an essential part.

Durchführung von digitalen Arbeitssituationsanalysen für die mobil-flexible Arbeit zur Erhebung von psychischen Belastungsfolgen : Befragung von Mitarbeiter*innen einer öffentlichen Verwaltung zu Homeoffice – Erfahrungen während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie Carrying out digital work situation analyses for mobile flexible work to ascertain the consequences of mental stressSurvey of employees of a public administration on working from home—Experiences during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Hintergrund Im Zuge der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie wurde die Arbeit in vielen Betrieben nach Hause verlagert und innerhalb kurzer Zeit hat sich die Arbeitssituation der Beschäftigten schnell verändert. Um mögliche Belastungen zu identifizieren und gesundheitliche Ressourcen auszubauen, sind fundierte Analysen der Arbeitssituation notwendig. Ziel der Arbeit Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, auch in Zeiten mit Kontaktbeschränkungen, fundierte Analysen im Bereich des Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements anzubieten. Mithilfe von digitalen Arbeitssituationsanalysen (ASITA) sollte die Homeoffice-Tätigkeit in einer öffentlichen Verwaltung erfasst und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden. Material und Methoden Mittels digitaler ASITAs wurden 3 Gruppen (16 Beschäftigte) zu ihrer Arbeitssituation im Homeoffice befragt. Eingeschlossen wurden Beschäftigte, die innerhalb der letzten 12 Wochen vor der Befragung an mindestens 2 Tagen pro Woche im Homeoffice gearbeitet haben. Ergebnisse Das Arbeiten im Homeoffice stellt Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten, die wiederum positive als auch negative Beanspruchungsfolgen mit sich bringen. Aufseiten der Arbeitsorganisation ergaben sich individuelle Vorteile, wie der Wegfall von Arbeitswegen oder eine bessere Zeiteinteilung. Hinsichtlich der Kommunikation im Unternehmen fehlten klare Strukturen zur Arbeit im Homeoffice. Diskussion Digitale ASITAs können ein aussagekräftiges Instrument sein, um gesundheitliche Belastungen und Ressourcen auch in Unternehmen mit mobil-flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen zu untersuchen. Wie am Beispiel der Pandemie gezeigt, bedingt ein Wandel der Arbeitssituation einen kontinuierlichen Reflexionsprozess, bei dem die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten eine wesentliche Säule sein muss.

Heart rate variability as a strain indicator for psychological stress for emergency physicians during work and alert intervention: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The workloads of emergency physicians are severe. The prevalence of burnout among emergency physicians is higher than with other physicians or compared to the general population. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a valid method for objective monitoring of workload. The aim of this paper is to systematically evaluate the literature on heart rate variability as an objective indicator for mental stress of emergency physicians. METHODS: A systematic literature review examining heart rate variability of emergency physicians in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for reporting systematic reviews was performed. PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Libary, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were used. The methodological quality was evaluated by using a modified STARD for HRV. RESULTS: Two studies matched the inclusion criteria by using HRV between alert intervention and two other studies were considered that used HRV in other question areas. It showed an adaptation of HRV under stress. The studies were not comparable. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for occupational health studies that examine strains and stress of emergency physicians. The well-established parasympathetic mediated HRV parameters seem to be suitable parameters to objectify the stress.